Postgraduate Specialisation in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Exercise Physiology - DIDATTICA FRONTALE

Course code

4S002460

Name of lecturer

Carlo Capelli

Number of ECTS credits allocated

1

Academic sector

BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY

Language of instruction

Italian

Site

VERONA

Period

not yet allocated

To show the organization of the course that includes this module, follow this link Course organization

Learning outcomes

Lecture - Group 1: Bioenergetics of muscle exercise

Aims
The purpose of these lectures consists in illustrating the fundamental concepts of bioenergetics of muscle contraction. In particular, the metabolic pathways of muscle ATP production will be illustrated from a quantitative point of view, assigning to each of them the values of maximum power and maximum capacity that they are able to express.
After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. List and describe the nutrients that are used as energy substrates during exercise.
2. Describe the structure of ATP and its cellular function.
3. Discuss the metabolic pathways involved in the anaerobic production of ATP.
4. Describe the aerobic production of ATP.
5. Describe how bioenergetic metabolic pathways are regulated.
6. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic production of ATP during exercise.
7. Identify the enzymes that limit the flow of substrates in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle.
8. Understand the meaning of maximum alactacid anaerobic power and the principles behind its determination

Essential background
• Biochemistry of energy metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, concepts of exoergonic and endoergonic reactions, free energy); anatomy and histology of skeletal muscle

Lecture - Group 2: Cardiovascular responses to exercise

Aims
The purpose of these lessons consists in illustrating the cardiovascular responses to dynamic and isometric exercise. In particular, the responses of heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, arteriovenous difference, redistribution of cardiac output with particular attention to resetting the baroreflex will be illustrated.

After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Discuss how cardiac output is redistributed during muscle exercise.
2. Describe the cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise.
3. Identify the factors that regulate local blood flow during exercise.
4. List and discuss the factors that determine the ejection volume during exercise.
5. Discuss adjustment of cardiac output during exercise.

Essential background
• Physiology and anatomy of the cardiovascular system

Syllabus

Lecture - Group 1: Bioenergetics of muscle exercise
Topics
1. The approach to the study of muscle bioenergetics in vivo in humans;
2. Oxidative processes in the light of muscle bioenergetics;
3. Steady-state oxygen consumption (applications, efficiency concept);
4. The maximum oxygen consumption;
5. The deficit (or contracted debt of O2);
6. Regulation of oxidative metabolism
7. Lactate during submaximal exercise
8. The lactate concentration and exercise intensity
9. The lactate concentration and duration of exercise-MLSS
10. Production speed and lactate disposal speed
11. The concept of the lactate quill
12. The lactate membrane carriers
13. The energy balance of an exercise performed with a stable high lactate concentration
14. Identification of the "anaerobic" threshold
15. Lactate during the supramaximal exercise and the energy equivalent of lactate
16. Maximum power and alactacid anaerobic capacity (meaning and measurement methods)

Lecture - Group 2: Cardiovascular responses to exercise
Topics
1. The determinants of maximum oxygen consumption according to Fick's equation
2. Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output during muscle exercise
3. Determinants of stroke volume during muscle exercise
4. The arteriovenous difference of oxygen during the exercise
5. Blood pressure responses during the dynamic exercise
6. Redistribution of cardiac output during exercise
7. Functional vasodilation of muscle vessels; sympatholysis
8. The permissive meaning of the resetting of the baroceptive reflex
9. Control of cardiovascular responses during exercise (central command, metaboreflex)

Assessment methods and criteria