Bachelor's degree in Radiology Techniques for Imaging and Radiotherapy (to qualify as a medical radiology technician) (Verona)

Radiobiology and Radiation Protection - BIOLOGIA APPLICATA E RADIOBIOLOGIA

Course code

4S001359

Name of lecturer

Patricia Lievens

Number of ECTS credits allocated

2

Academic sector

BIO/13 - EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY

Language of instruction

Italian

Site

VERONA

Period

TEC RAD MED LEZ 1A 1S dal Oct 3, 2016 al Dec 9, 2016.

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Lesson timetable

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Learning outcomes

To provide knowledge about the molecular and cellular processes common to all living organisms. To provide basic knowledge of human genetics in order to recognize the methods of transmission of hereditary characteristics, normal and pathological. To understand the molecular and cellular processes triggered by ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.

Syllabus

Foundations of modern biological thought, appearance of the first organisms on Earth
Prokaryotes: general characteristics, evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes
The eukaryotic cell: general characteristics, evolution of multicellular organisms
The nucleus, chromosomes, cell division: mitosis
Sexual reproduction and meiosis. Gametogenesis in humans
Normal and pathological human karyotype, sex chromosomes, gene dosage compensation
Molecular basis of hereditary information. DNA. Structure and replication
Flow and control of information: transcription, translation, protein maturation
Spontaneous and induced mutations, chemical mutagens, mutagenesis tests
Somatic mutations and cancer. Physical mutagens / Radiobiology
Non-ionizing radiation (UV): cell impact, DNA damage repair systems
Ionizing radiation (IR): X-rays, alpha, beta, gamma
RBE (relative biological effectiveness) is related to the LET value (definition)
The birth of radiobiology: the first laboratory experiments: Bergonie and Tribondeau, Müller
Cell cultures and survival curves
Radiosensitivity of different cell types
DNA damage: direct (double-strand breakage, chromosome aberrations) and indirect (radiolysis of water, production of free radicals, point mutations)
Oxygen effects (OER)
Methodological approaches for the detection of DNA damage: the comet assay, karyotype analysis
Immediate and long-term effects: definition
Long-term effects: tumorigenesis (some mention to the data after the Chernobyl) and reproductive risk.
Ability of the organisms to repair DNA damage and sensitivity / resistance to IR, two extreme examples: Ataxia telangiectasia and Deinococcus radiodurans
Genetic transmission of characteristics, laws of Mendel, dominance and recessive
Human genetics: the blood groups
Analysis of family trees. Examples of genetic diseases with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked.

Assessment methods and criteria