Bachelor's degree in Nursing (to qualify as a nurse) (Bolzano)

The course introduces the student to the understanding of the determinants of health, risk factors, prevention strategies both individual and collective, and of interventions to promote the health and safety of their users. It also aims to understand the causes, the pathogenic mechanisms, and methods of prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Module: METODOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGICA, IGIENE E PROBLEMI PRIORITARI DI SALUTE
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1. Introduction to Epidemiology: definition, objectives and epidemiology characteristics, measures in epidemiology
2. The concept of health, disease and causes of disease epidemiology. Criteria for assessing the causal link
3. Epidemiological studies: descriptive, analytical, experimental
4. Elements for the assessment of the main problems of health of a population: major diseases in the general population, leading causes of death in the general population
5. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases: epidemiological chain and and transmission mode: (endemic, sporadic, epidemic diseases), the direct and indirect prophylaxis of infectious diseases, the specific prophylaxis (vaccine prophylaxis, basic knowledge of serum prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis)
6. Epidemiology and primary and secondary prevention of major chronic diseases: ischemic heart disease, diabetes, COPD, malignancies
7. screening tests


Module: PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SICUREZZA IN CONTESTI ASSISTENZIALI
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The infections related to care processes:
epidemiology, localization, etiology, transmission routes
Epidemiological surveillance and interventions to stop the chain of infection
Standard precautions
Hand hygiene
- Indications and technique of washing hands
-Indications and technique of surgical hand
Barrier measures
- Use of gloves
- Use of the visor / goggles - use surgical mask
Antiseptics
- Characteristics of products (chlorhexidine, types of solutions and concentrations, amuchina, povidone-iodine, time, keeping, deadlines)
The Deans Management, Tools and Equipment
- The classification of the principals in a critical, semi-critical and non-critical.
- Decontamination, cleaning,
- Processes and disinfection practices,
- Sterilization Processes,
- Types of disinfectants (chlorine and derivatives polyphenols)
- Criteria of effectiveness of disinfection high level to instruments that can not be sterilized (concentration, time, temperature)
- Some operational contextualisation as the management of shopping therapy, the material for the hygiene of the patient, the sterile field, use of sterile gloves..
Disposal of the different types of waste
Lingerie management
Principles and environmental health criteria
Health education to patients and visitors
Additional precautions for transmission by contact
- Guidelines for the adoption of contact precautions;
- Correct use of additional security devices contact: coat, gloves, patient positioning, patient and family education.
Additional precautions for transmission by air
- Indications for taking precautions by air;
- Correct use of additional security devices: FFP2-FFP3 masks.
Additional precautions for the transmission for Droplet
- Guidelines for the adoption of precautions for droplet;
- Correct use of additional security devices: surgical mask;
- Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette


Module: SICUREZZA NEGLI AMBIENTI DI LAVORO
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Definition of Occupational disease and injury at work.
Aspects of general toxicology with examples of the most common chemical hazards in hospitals, for example. disinfectants, anesthetics..
Shift work and associated diseases; possible interference of shifts on circadian rhythms, on family and social life.
The patient handling: operative indications and risks for operators.
Low back pain: definition, ezio-pathogenetic classification, possible prevention, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, chronicity of low back pain (Material taken from the lines the European Guide on low back pain).
The allergic risk: basic concepts about allergies and possible allergies in the hospital setting. Allergies to latex.
The biohazard: the prevention of hepatitis, HIV and TB (assumes that the microbiology program has already addressed bacteria and viruses).


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
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Purposes of Microbiology.
Classification of microorganisms in the world of the living.
General Bacteriology: morphology, structure and function of the cell
bacterial.
Notes on playback.
Mode of transmission of infectious diseases.
Mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria; Conventional pathogens and
opportunists.
endotoxin protein and toxins.
Antimicrobial agents: classification and mechanisms of action of the main
antibacterial and main mechanisms of resistance (susceptibility)
Special Bacteriology: Staphylococci, Streptococci and Enterococci; Neisseria; Emofili; mycobacteria; Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas.
General Virology: virus definition, composition and architecture of the d
viral particle.
Outline of direplicazione mechanisms.
Mechanisms of pathogenic viruses: localized infection, generalized, silent, persistent and latent. Overview of antiviral agents.
Special Virology: Herpesviridae, hepatitis virus (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV),
Orthomixoviridae, Papillomaviridae,
Retroviridae (HIV).
fundamental characteristics of human pathogenic fungi and parasites.
Approach to microbiological diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections: direct and indirect diagnosis.
Taking and storing samples (blood culture apparatus samples
respiratory, urinary samples from the apparatus).
Outline of nosocomial infections and
bacterial endocarditis.

Module: METODOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGICA, IGIENE E PROBLEMI PRIORITARI DI SALUTE
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SCRIPT - (multiple choice test)


Module: PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SICUREZZA IN CONTESTI ASSISTENZIALI
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Writing Test


Module: SICUREZZA NEGLI AMBIENTI DI LAVORO
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Writing Test


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
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Written test