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Course organization
| LOGO 1^ ANNO - 1^ SEMESTRE |
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Knowing the molecular processes that underlie the functions of the cell and organism. Knowing as they occur and how biochemical and metabolic transformations are regulated. Knowing bioenergetics, metabolism of the cell and of the entire organism.
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, aldoses and ketosis, glycogen, starch, cellulose. Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
- Amino acids: structure and characteristics. Proteins: structure levels of the protein, peptide bond. Proteins: alpha-helix, beta-sheet, fibrous and globular proteins (notes), myoglobin and hemoglobin (notes), allosteric regulation.
- Enzymes: classification of enzymes, active site, specificity and isozymes, cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins. Regulation of enzyme activity, allosteric enzymes.
- Lipids and their functions. Lipids: fatty acids and acylglycerols, phospholipids, terpenes, steroids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins.
- Introduction to the metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. ATP and phosphocreatine, redox coenzymes (NAD and FAD), metabolic pathways and regulation.
- Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis and its regulation, the pentose phosphate pathway, and lactic fermentation.
- Synthesis of acetyl-coenzyme A, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis and Cori cycle. Glycogen: glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis (not deep). Regulating hormones (glucagon, insulin and adrenaline), diabetes mellitus (notes).
- Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial respiratory chain, standard reduction potential, electron transport and proton pumps, mitochondrial ATP synthase.
- Lipid metabolism: beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ketone bodies. Biosynthesis of lipids, fatty-acid synthase. Metabolism of amino acids: transamination and urea cycle, amino acid biosynthesis (notes).
Written exam, multiple choice questions and open questions. Possible oral integration.
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