The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

Fornire conoscenze di base riguardanti la fisiologia dei sistemi motori, la biomeccanica, la chinesiologia e le metodiche di valutazione funzionale in fisioterapia.

MODULO: FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI MOTORI Fornire le conoscenze per comprendere la fisiologia del muscolo scheletrico striato e i meccanismi neurofisiologici del controllo motorio. Conoscere l'organizzazione e la funzione dei sistemi che governano il movimento del corpo umano.

MODULO: BIOMECCANICA E CHINESIOLOGIA SEGMENTALE Comprendere ed analizzare gli aspetti meccanici del movimento basandosi su concetti legati alla cinematica e alla dinamica del movimento umano. 5 Descrivere i movimenti articolari fisiologici ed accessori. Comprendere i fattori biomeccanici che influenzano la capacità di un muscolo di erogare forza. Data un’articolazione, analizzare e rappresentare graficamente le forze in gioco su di essa calcolando i momenti interni ed esterni sia in contesti statici che dinamici. Descrivere le proprietà inerziali e le forze di attrito e comprendere come queste influenzino il movimento umano sia in un contesto locale che globale. Conoscere le proprietà viscoelastiche dei tessuti. Conoscere la fisiologia delle articolazioni del corpo umano e analizzare le azioni muscolari, gli stress e gli stiramenti della componente articolare e la biomeccanica specifica. Eseguire, in ottica clinica, un'analisi del movimento dal punto di vista meccanico tenendo conto dei seguenti domini: cinematica, cinetica, ruoli muscolari, sistemi di leva, sistemi inerziali e altre variabili.

MODULO: CHINESIOLOGIA FUNZIONALE Comprendere i concetti di catena muscolare, muscoli sinergici, agonisti / antagonisti, stabilizzatori in relazione al gesto funzionale generale. Conoscere la biomeccanica dei movimenti funzionali fisiologici della colonna, delle posizioni statiche (supino, seduto, in piedi) e dei gesti funzionali fisiologici di base che coinvolgono più articolazioni (passaggi posturali). Conoscere e valutare la biomeccanica dei movimenti funzionali degli arti superiori (raggiungimento, presa, manipolazione) Conoscere e valutare la biomeccanica dei movimenti funzionali degli arti inferiori (deambulazione, salita/discesa delle scale). Sapere descrivere le alterazioni delle posture, dei passaggi posturali e dei gesti funzionali (deambulazione, salita/discesa delle scale, raggiungimento-presa-manipolazione di oggetti) e ipotizzarne per lo meno in via generale i possibili determinanti biomeccanici.

MODULO: VALUTAZIONE FUNZIONALE IN FISIOTERAPIA Eseguire la valutazione articolare e muscolare di tutti i distretti corporei riconoscendo le alterazioni quantitative e qualitative, la misurazione circonferenziale degli arti, la valutazione dei principali parametri cardiocircolatori e respiratori. Integrare i dati rilevati con l’osservazione delle alterazioni di posture e gesti. Conoscere le scale di valutazione in fisioterapia per la valutazione di fenomeni complessi con le relative proprietà psicometriche. Somministrare correttamente scale di valutazione autosomministrate o etero somministrate.

Program

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MM: CHINESIOLOGIA FUNZIONALE
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MM: FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI MOTORI
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The first part of the course will deal will the cellular membrane properties, the mechanics of muscle contraction and the features of motor units. The second part will take into consideration the control mechanisms of posture and voluntary movement, as well as the influence of basal ganglia and cerebellum on movement control. - General facts about movement control - Functional anatomy of scheletal muscle and mechanisms underlying muscle contraction - The neuromuscular junction: excitation of scheletal muscle - Properties and classification of motor units - Spinal mechanisms of motor coordination - Control of posture and equilibrium - Control of voluntary movement - Basal ganglia and movement - Cerebellum and movement
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MM: BIOMECCANICA E CHINESIOLOGIA SEGMENTALE
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-Define the movement planes, the anatomical position and the classification of joint movements with the relative exceptions. Define the reference systems and the vectors. -Define the characteristics of the laws of gravity applied to the human body, the tables of the linear somatic dimensions, the weighted dimensions and the distances of the centers of gravity from the fulcrums - Identify the vector of muscle strength based on the anatomy of the muscle by choosing the point of application, the direction, the verse and the module, and decomposing it into the rotational and axial components, constructing the biomechanical rectangle and using the main trigonometric formulas - To identify the principle of muscle reciprocity and the main mechanical factors that influence the intensity of muscle tension: type of contraction, orientation of muscle fibers; voltage / length ratio and speed voltage -Define the friction forces applied to the human body, the concepts of closed and open kinetic chain and the main examples applied to the human body -Analize a segmental gesture by identifying the external and internal forces, considering the relative moments with respect to one or more appropriately chosen axes and drawing an explanatory diagram -Describing the curves of the spine as a whole, the type vertebra, the elements of intervertebral connection and functional divisions of the rachis, the physiology of the intervertebral disc. Describe the movements of the spine as a whole -Describe the articular physiology of the lumbar spine as a whole, its movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it, the static of the lumbar spine in an upright position -Describe the joint physiology of the dorsal spine as a whole, its movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it, Describe the joint physiology of the cost-vertebral and sternocostal joints, the deformations of the thorax during inhalation and the exhalation and actions of the muscles of the breathing and the relationships between the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles -Describe the joint physiology of the cervical spine as a whole and in detail deisuoisegmentisuperioreand inferior, the relative movements and limiting factors normal, the action of the muscles acting on it, the balance of the head on the cervical spine -Describe the articular physiology of the temporomandibular joint and the action of the muscles acting on it -Describe the joint physiology of the shoulder girdle as a whole and its joints, the relative movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it, the factors of coactation of the glenohumeral joint -Describe the joint physiology of the joint complex of the elbow and the radio-ulnar joints, the relative movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on them, the factors of joint elbow contraction -Describe the joint physiology of the wrist, the joints of the long fingers and the thumb, the relative movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it -Describe the architecture and the position of function of the hand as a whole and the kinesiology of the prehension -Describe the architecture and the physiology of the pelvic girdle and of the sacro-iliac joints, of the coxo-femoral joint, the relative movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it -Describe the joint physiology of the knee joint complex, its movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it, the stability factors of the knee -Describe the articular physiology of the tibio-tarsics, relative movements and the normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on it, the stability factors of the tibio-tarsics -Describe the joint physiology of the joints of the foot and fingers, the relative movements and normal limiting factors, the action of the muscles acting on them. -Describe the general architecture of the plantar vault, the general distribution of loads and deformations, the adaptation of the plantar vault to the ground
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MM: VALUTAZIONE FUNZIONALE IN FISIOTERAPIA
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Bibliography

Examination Methods

------------------------ MM: CHINESIOLOGIA FUNZIONALE ------------------------ ------------------------ MM: FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI MOTORI ------------------------ Exam in written form, oral integration on request. ------------------------ MM: BIOMECCANICA E CHINESIOLOGIA SEGMENTALE ------------------------ Aims: To pass the exam students must demonstrate that they have learned the theoretical contents of this teaching.   Contents: The exam content covers all the topics covered in class and reported in full in the program of this course. Assessment methods: - written test (multiple choice test) - oral exam by interview with the teacher;   Evaluation method: - written test (score from 0-30); - oral test (score from 0-30); The final grade will be given by the average of the two individual tests and will be expressed in 30ths.   There are no exam differences between attending and non-attending students. ------------------------ MM: VALUTAZIONE FUNZIONALE IN FISIOTERAPIA ------------------------